Journal Literary Aesthetics

Archives Volume-2, Issue-2 (July-December)

Paper Title:: Semantics and Pragmatics
Author Name:: Ghanshiam Sharma
Country:: India
Page No.:: 1-6

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Semantics and Pragmatics

Author: Ghanshiam Sharma

Semantics is the study of meaning in its linguistic context, even when the reference is to something non-linguistic and external. Pragmatics, on the other hand, is the study of meaning derived from a context that is understood by both the speaker and the listener. According to the Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics, pragmatics includes the study of
(a) how the interpretation and use of utterances depends on knowledge of the real world,
(b) how speakers use and understand speech acts,
(c) how the structure of sentences is influenced by the relationship between the speaker and the hearer

Paper Title:: A Tale of Emerging New Woman in Githa Hariharan’s: The Thousand Faces of Night
Author Name:: Poonam Kimta Chauhan
Country:: India
Page No.:: 7-15

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A Tale of Emerging New Woman in Githa Hariharan’s: The Thousand Faces of Night

Author: Poonam Kimta Chauhan

The journey of protagonist of The Thousand Faces of Night Devi’s relational life starts from her parental home where she is a pampered child and enjoys much attention, warmth, and love there. She lives with her parents in a happy consanguineous relation. She comes from an affectionate and protective family that adheres to the prescriptive words of the Mahabharata, “the goddess of prosperity herself always resides in a person’s daughter” and according to the Dharmashastras, “one should regard one’s daughters as the highest object of tenderness” (qtd. in Prabhu 247). As Devi grows up she becomes increasingly dreamy and lives in an imaginary world conjured by her grandmother. She links every situation of her life with that of her childhood stories. Devi weaves romantic dreams about love, marriage, and a husband, “I dreamt often of a god-like hero, a hero who flew effortlessly across the night sky, and who guided me gently when he saw my own desperate desire to fly with him. I also had recurring nightmares, in which the weightless, smooth gliding I now craved was brought to an abrupt halt, mid-flight. He or I, he and I, would come hurtling down, down, and in a chill of fright I would wake up” (46). In this dream, Devi experiences subconscious apprehension and fear which are an indication of her future life where she strives to sustain and maintain her relationship with Dan, Mahesh and Gopal.

Paper Title:: Carnality: The Root Cause of Spiritual Sterility
Author Name:: ParkashVerma
Country:: India
Page No.:: 16-20

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Carnality: The Root Cause of Spiritual Sterility

Author: ParkashVerma

T.S Eliot envisioned the modern world as a waste land, in which neither the land or nor the people could conceive. In “The Waste Land”, various characters are sexually frustrated or dysfunctional, unable to cope with either reproduction or non reproductivity : the Fisher King represents damaged sexuality, Tiersias represents confused sexuality and the women chattering in “A Game Of Chess” represents an out of control sexuality. His early poetry up to “The Waste Land’’ deals directly with love, sex and homosexuality as with moral and spiritual sterility. Eliot holds sex responsible for moral and spiritual chaos. Sex for pleasure, as perceived by a modern man, is a stupendous folly. It can destroy the creativity of sex, which is the fountain head of life. The Bhagavad Gita extols sex as God, calls it a desire in human beings, unopposed to Dharma.

Paper Title:: Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus and the Equilibrium of Tragedy
Author Name:: Ankur Sharma
Country:: India
Page No.:: 21-24

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Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus and the Equilibrium of Tragedy

Author: Ankur Sharma

In Dr. Faustus Marlowe chooses a religious subject and concentrates on the theoretical side of religion, taking the case to its logical extremes. But unfortunately, down the centuries the play has evoked more controversy than admiration from the critics. To most of the people, it is still a confession on the part of the dramatist, of his atheistic views and bohemian life; and to others a medieval play very much in the tradition of Everyman. Miss Una Ellis-Fermor, however, undertook to discuss the intellectual part and the tragic pattern of the play and her remarks show a great understanding of the nature of tragedy, though not of Marlowe’s tragedy. Nonetheless she accepts Marlowe as a tragic tinker even though she wants to reject him in the conclusion. She writes, “Marlowe, whose tragedy appears at its height and characteristic form in Dr. Faustus, takes up a unique position as a tragic thinker, because of the implacable paradox on which his reading of the universe rests; man’s innate fallibility on the one hand and on the other hand the infallibility demanded by the inflexible law.

Paper Title:: Jaya’s Quest for Self in Shashi Deshpande’s ‘That Long Silence’
Author Name:: Rajinder Kaur Saggu
Country:: India
Page No.:: 25-27

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Jaya’s Quest for Self in Shashi Deshpande’s ‘That Long Silence’

Author: Rajinder Kaur Saggu

Shashi Deshpande occupies a distinctive place in contemporary Indian English fiction due to her unequivocal feminist stance. She has eight novels, six short-story collections, four children’s books & numerous essays & articles to her credit. In her works, she concentrates more on the status of the woman in the traditional bound, male-dominated middle class society of the contemporary India. Her characters are educated, sensitive, intelligent, career oriented women who become hapless victims of married life & its responsibilities. Her women protagonists- Indu, Saru, Jaya, Urmila and Sumi invariably undertake an arduous journey which transport them from a state of self-effacement to one of self-realisation.

Paper Title:: History as Narrative With Reference To Hemingway and Orwell
Author Name:: Navdeep Kaur
Country:: India
Page No.:: 28-46

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History as Narrative With Reference To Hemingway and Orwell

Author: Navdeep Kaur

The novel has been a source of delight and instruction where we find a resemblance to life in the setting, portraiture and in the managing of powerful co-incidence. As Scott James aptly comments, “The Novel is an art because it exhibits something which the artist believes to be lifelike or true to life and because he puts together these elements, in an intelligible external form, for no other purpose than to enable us to see what he has seen and to derive pleasure from it.” (Scott 365-66) In the Late 16th and early 17th centuries, the word novel seems to have been used about both true and fictional events and even news reports were not considered factual. Thus novels and news reports were neither clearly factual nor clearly fictional. But in the eighteen nineties the novelist became a conscious artist. It could be so “because the period provided the circumstances which made it possible for him to behave as one.

Paper Title:: Globalization & Changing Face of Literature – With Special Reference to Chetan Bhagat’s “One Night @ Call Centre”
Author Name:: Hargunjot Kaur
Country:: India
Page No.:: 47-52

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Globalization & Changing Face of Literature – With Special Reference to Chetan Bhagat’s “One Night @ Call Centre”

Author: Hargunjot Kaur

Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the exchange of views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture. It is the process under which, we can see both individual interest and common good. Globalization not only affected trade within countries but it has been affecting the culture and literature. The era of globalization is generally viewed by world economists and social scientists to have emerged after 1989, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the rise of United States in 1990, as lone remaining super power.

Paper Title:: Intrusion of Environment in Prufrock’s World
Author Name:: Anupam Vatsyayan
Country:: India
Page No.:: 53-57

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Intrusion of Environment in Prufrock’s World

Author: Anupam Vatsyayan

Our planet is on the verge of a severe environmental crisis. With the looming problems of climate change, overpopulation and energy conservation, life on Earth is becoming increasingly hazardous. Unless the environmental issues are addressed on priority, there is little hope for a bright and safe world for the coming generations. Ecologists and the newly-emerging creed of ‘ecoists’ are taking steps towards the redress and restitution of nature-centred world but they are few in number and do not solely hold the responsibility to play the saviour for the 7.2 billion (approximately) living souls on the planet. Each breathing human must wake up to the awareness of the enormity of the situation and should take adequate measures.

Paper Title:: Subjugation of Women in Marriage: A Study of Select South Asian Women Novelists
Author Name:: Seema Rani
Country:: India
Page No.:: 58-63

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Subjugation of Women in Marriage: A Study of Select South Asian Women Novelists

Author: Seema Rani

In South Asian countries the rigid cultures and patriarchal attitudes which devalue the role of women, result in the wide spread occurrence of violence against women. The family structure, in which the man is the undisputed ruler of the household, allows subordination of women. Women’s economic, social and cultural rights continue to be neglected. Women in Pakistan
and other South Asian countries face the threat of multiple forms of violence especially in marriage. Attitudes towards women are still traditional and conservative across these countries. Even globalization has often failed to wipe out deeply engrained concepts about women. The girl child is considered only a “visitor” in her parental house who eventually has to go to her “real” or married home.

Paper Title:: Voice Tone and Vocal Training Skills in Effective Communication
Author Name:: Guramrit
Country:: India
Page No.:: 64-68

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Voice Tone and Vocal Training Skills in Effective Communication

Author: Guramrit

Mastering communication is an essential skill to have in every aspect of everyday life for both personal and professional reasons. It is a key element in classroom management. The combination of learned minds with effective communication is like a magical wand that can stir every heart. Establishing and developing communication is important in order to be heard and control the mind of the students according to your own thoughts. None will guess what you want or what you think if you don’t think them effectively and nothing is going to change if you don’t purpose a change. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the role of effective communication in classroom management through voice tone and vocal training skills. If you want to communicate effectively and positively influence your audience, you must pay special attention to the tone of your voice. The present paper is an attempt to explore effective communication through vocal training skills.

Paper Title:: Walt Whitman delves into the mystic experience of cosmic divine unity: A Spiritual Awakening
Author Name:: Gurkamal Kaur
Country:: India
Page No.:: 69-75

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Walt Whitman delves into the mystic experience of cosmic divine unity: A Spiritual Awakening

Author: Gurkamal Kaur

Let your soul stand cool and composed before a million universes" - Walt Whitman
Walt Whitman an American poet, essayist and journalist was a great mystic. Born on May 31, 1819, Walt Whitman was the most innovative and influential poet of the nineteenth century. A mystic is a person who believes in the spiritual apprehension of truths that are beyond the intellect. Mystical experience is as old as humanity, it is not confined to any race. The term 'mysticism' comes from the Greek meaning 'to conceal'. In the Hellenistic world, 'mystical' referred to "secret" religious truths. Whereas in early Christianity the term came to refer to "hidden" allegorical interpretations of Scriptures and to hidden presences, such as that of Jesus at the Eucharist. Later the term begin to denote "mystical theology" which included direct experience of the divine.

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