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Archives Vol-12, issue-2, (July-December)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION
Author Name:
Jahanavi Anand
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17736040
Page No.:
1-7
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THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION
Author: Jahanavi Anand

ABSTRACT
Second-language acquisition (SLA) remains a crucial area of research in linguistics and
applied linguistics. While practical strategies often dominate classroom-focused studies,
understanding the theoretical foundations of language acquisition is vital for explaining how
learners acquire a second language. This paper provides a thorough theoretical analysis of
SLA, examining the key perspectives that have shaped the field, including behaviorist,
innatist, cognitive, sociocultural, and emerging hybrid models. The study highlights the
intricate nature of language learning through a comparative lens, emphasizing the interplay
between innate abilities, cognitive processes, and social interaction. The findings suggest that
a holistic theoretical framework is the most effective means of addressing the complex issues
associated with second language acquisition and lays the groundwork for future research in
the discipline. This comprehensive approach not only enriches our understanding of how
individuals acquire new languages but also informs teaching methodologies that can be
tailored to diverse learner needs. By integrating insights from various theories, educators can
create more effective learning environments that foster both linguistic competence and
communicative confidence. Such environments encourage active engagement and
collaboration among learners, ultimately leading to improved language retention and fluency.
As research in this area continues to evolve, it will be essential to remain adaptable and
responsive to the changing dynamics of language learning.
Keywords: Second Language Acquisition (SLA); Language Learning; Behaviorism;
Innatism; Cognitive Theory; Sociocultural Theory; Hybrid Models; Linguistic Competence;
Communicative Confidence; Language Teaching Methodology.

Paper Title:
A GLIMPSE ON THE LAI-HARAOBA FESTIVAL OF MANIPUR
Author Name:
Ningthoujam Priyolata Devi & Wahengbam Kumari Chanu
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17735962
Page No.:
8-24
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A GLIMPSE ON THE LAI-HARAOBA FESTIVAL OF MANIPUR
Author: Ningthoujam Priyolata Devi & Wahengbam Kumari Chanu

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the historical significance and evolving role of Lai-Ekouba within the
Lai-Haraoba festival of Manipur. Lai-Ekouba, literally interpreted as ―Calling up the Lai from
the water,‖ is a ritual of immense importance in the indigenous Meitei/Meetei religion,
Sanamahism, as revealed by detailed analysis of historical records and ethnographic studies
from the 18th to the 20th century in the Imphal Valley. This study underscores how the ritual
serves as both an introductory ceremony practice and a reinvigoration of the cultural and
religious activity of the Meitei/Meetei community. Drawing on scholarly sources including
Chanu (2012), Devi (2018), and numerous journalistic and ethnographic accounts (Singh,
2022; Sahapedia, 2022), this paper explores the historical evolution, ritual practices, and
socio-religious functioning of Lai-Ekouba. The paper is structured into several sections.
Ultimately the study illustrates that Lai-Ekouba is not only a ritualistic reenactment of
celestial invocation but also a process that has continually shaped the religious practices and
cultural expressions of the Manipuri people.
Key words: Lai-Haraoba, Lai-Ekouba, Historical significance, Meitei/Meetei community.

Paper Title:
THE SPLIT SUBJECT IN WILLIAM GOLDING: A PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY INTO ANXIETY, GUILT, AND THE SHATTERED SELF
Author Name:
Rajeev Chandra Prasad Visala
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17826534
Page No.:
25-29
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THE SPLIT SUBJECT IN WILLIAM GOLDING: A PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY INTO ANXIETY, GUILT, AND THE SHATTERED SELF
Author: Rajeev Chandra Prasad Visala

ABSTRACT
William Golding's fiction, steeped in the psychological residues of World War II, offers a
profound psychoanalytic terrain for exploring the split subject, a fragmented psyche riven by
anxiety and guilt, leading to the shattered self. This paper conducts a Lacanian and Freudian
inquiry into this motif across three canonical novels: Lord of the Flies (1954), Pincher Martin
(1956), and Free Fall (1959). In Lord of the Flies, the boys' island exile manifests Freudian
id-superego antagonism, engendering collective anxiety and guilt that splinters communal
identity into savage shards. Pincher Martin internalises this fracture through the protagonist's
traumatic solipsism, where Lacanian symbolic failure amplifies existential guilt, culminating
in egoic annihilation. Free Fall extends the analysis to historical complicity, portraying the
artist's moral vertigo as a guilt-ridden descent that shatters illusory self-coherence. Drawing
on trauma theory and object relations, this study elucidates Golding's portrayal of the split
subject as an ethical imperative: anxiety and guilt, though disintegrative, compel
reconstructive self-awareness. Golding's narratives thus diagnose modernity's psychic
malaise, advocating psychoanalytic vigilance to mend the self's irreparable fissures.
Keywords: William Golding, split subject, psychoanalytic inquiry, anxiety and guilt,
shattered self, Lord of the Flies, Pincher Martin

Paper Title:
FOCUS ON SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Author Name:
Chithra C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17937209
Page No.:
30-33
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FOCUS ON SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Author: Chithra C

ABSTRACT:
Skill development is a critical component in the evolution of both individuals and societies,
influencing personal growth, professional success, and economic advancement. As the
demand for specialized knowledge and adaptable competencies increases, the process of
acquiring, applying skills has become a central focus in education, training, and workforce
development. This abstract explores the multifaceted nature of skill development,
emphasizing the roles of continuous learning, practice, and feedback in the mastery of both
hard and soft skills. It highlights the interplay between intrinsic motivation and external
opportunities, suggesting that the most effective skill development.
DEFINITION OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT;
"The process of identifying, acquiring, and enhancing specific skills, knowledge, and
competencies to improve performance, achieve personal and professional goals, and drive
continuous learning and growth”.
Scope: It encompasses a wide range of skills, including hard skills (like coding or a specific
trade) and soft skills (such as critical thinking, communication, and leadership).
Purpose: The goal is to close the gap between a person's current abilities and the skills
needed to achieve a specific goal, whether it's a job promotion or personal development. The
types of skills required for employment can be divided into;
• Basic and foundation skills, which are acquired through the primary and secondary
formal school system, or through non-formal and/or informal learning processes (e.g.
active learning, oral expression, reading comprehension, written expression, ICT
literacy, active listening).
• Transferable skills, which include the abilities to learn and adapt, solve problems,
communicate ideas effectively, think critically and creatively and the ability to
manage self and others. These skills enable people to adapt to different work
environments as well as improving their opportunities to career-building.
• Technical and vocational skills, which are specialized skills, knowledge or know-how
to perform specific duties or tasks, mainly in a professional environment. These
include, but are not limited to, the traditional forms of technical and vocational
education and training (TVET), skills acquired through the secondary level of the
formal school system or through non-formal and/or informal learning processes.
• Professional and personal skills, including individual attributes relevant to work such
as honesty, integrity, reliability, work ethic, and judgement.
Skill development types can be categorized into technical, soft (or interpersonal), and
leadership skills, while methods include upskilling, reskilling, and cross-skilling. Technical
skills are job-specific abilities, soft skills relate to interpersonal and "power" skills like
communication and teamwork, and leadership skills prepare individuals for management
roles.

Paper Title:
MEDITATION AND HABIT FORMATION IN ADOLESCENCE: INSIGHTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEARTFULNESS
Author Name:
Jasbir Kaur & Shivani
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17937256
Page No.:
34-56
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MEDITATION AND HABIT FORMATION IN ADOLESCENCE: INSIGHTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEARTFULNESS
Author: Jasbir Kaur & Shivani

ABSTRACT
Adolescence is a major stage during which habits are established. Adolescence is not simply
a biological stage, beginning with puberty and ending with the sexual and physical maturity
of the person; it is the process of establishing one’s identity, shaping one’s character,
determining whether one will be successful in the long term, and eventually, designing one's
destiny.
Mediation is an effective technique today in enhancing self-control, emotional balance, and
coping with stress, which are useful in the acquisition of good habits. The article explains
how various meditation programs, including Mindfulness, Yoga, Transcendental Meditation
(TM), and Heartfulness, have influenced the habits of adolescents in the context of
Heartfulness Experience Life's Potential (HELP) program. The study uses the secondary data
analysis approach, where the published literature, program review, and meta-analyses were
reviewed on studies about meditation-based interventions on adolescents between the years
2003 and 2025. The studies have shown that well-organised programs such as HELP enhance
the overall well-being of teens, and they have an approach of 360 degrees- mentally,
physically, emotionally and socially. The paper also honours the implications of the learning
systems through incorporating the meditative interventions as a way of developing healthy
practices among the teenagers.
Keywords:
Adolescence, habit forming, meditation, heartfulness, emotional regulation, self-regulation,
mindfulness, yoga, transcendental meditation, HELP program.

Paper Title:
LITERATURE AS LIBERATION: THE AESTHETICS OF DALIT SENSIBILITIES IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LITERATURE
Author Name:
Lakshminarasimhaiah N & Mohan Prakash
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17937289
Page No.:
57-60
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LITERATURE AS LIBERATION: THE AESTHETICS OF DALIT SENSIBILITIES IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LITERATURE
Author: Lakshminarasimhaiah N & Mohan Prakash

ABSTRACT
This paper explores the liberative potential of Dalit literature as an aesthetic and ideological
movement that redefines the contours of Indian literary discourse. Rooted in lived
experiences of oppression, exclusion, and resilience, Dalit writings transform pain into
artistic power, articulating a collective consciousness that challenges the hegemonic
structures of caste and culture. The study examines how contemporary Dalit authors employ
narrative strategies, linguistic innovations, and symbolic expressions to reclaim identity,
dignity, and agency. Through poetry, fiction, and autobiography, Dalit sensibilities emerge as
both a mode of resistance and a quest for self-realization. The paper analyses select works
that foreground the aesthetics of protest—where art becomes a vehicle of emancipation and
storytelling serves as an act of social justice. Moving beyond the politics of victimhood, the
discussion underscores how Dalit writers reshape the moral and cultural imagination of
Indian literature by asserting the right to feel, to create, and to belong. Thus, the paper
situates Dalit literature not merely as a sociological category but as a vibrant artistic
expression of liberation and human possibility. The paper addresses the following critical
riders:
 How does Dalit literature transform the experience of oppression into an aesthetic of
resistance and liberation?
 In what ways do contemporary Dalit writers redefine literary form, language, and
voice to assert a distinct cultural identity?
 Can Dalit sensibilities be understood as a new paradigm of aesthetics that challenges
the traditional hierarchies of Indian literary discourse?
Keywords: Dalit Literature, Aesthetics of Resistance, Liberation, Caste and Identity,
Contemporary Indian Writing

Paper Title:
THE IMPACT OF NATIVE VS. NON-NATIVE ENGLISH TEACHERS ON STUDENT OUTCOMES
Author Name:
Ningaraju
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17937314
Page No.:
61-66
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THE IMPACT OF NATIVE VS. NON-NATIVE ENGLISH TEACHERS ON STUDENT OUTCOMES
Author: Ningaraju

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the comparative impact of native English-speaking teachers (NESTs)
and non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) on student outcomes in English
language learning. Drawing on current literature and four case-studies from diverse
educational contexts, it explores how teacher nativeness correlates with student proficiency
gains, attitudes, motivation, classroom dynamics and learning challenges. The paper also
investigates which factors mediate any differences—such as teacher proficiency, pedagogical
skill, cultural/linguistic match with learners, and institutional context. While traditional
assumptions favour NESTs as superior models of pronunciation and authentic language use,
recent evidence indicates that NNESTs often offer significant advantages in empathy,
understanding of learner difficulties and classroom scaffolding. The paper ends with an
analysis of challenges in leveraging both teacher types, proposes strategies for optimizing
student outcomes regardless of teacher nativeness, and offers recommendations for
educational policy and teacher development.
Keywords: native English-speaking teacher; non-native English-speaking teacher; student
outcomes; English language teaching; learner perceptions; teacher proficiency; pedagogy;
native-speakerism.

Paper Title:
ACCESSIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE: BRIDGING THE GAP IN EDUCATION
Author Name:
Pooja C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17937338
Page No.:
68-74
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ACCESSIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE: BRIDGING THE GAP IN EDUCATION
Author: Pooja C

ABSTRACT
Accessible infrastructure in education is a critical determinant of inclusive, equitable, and
quality learning. It ensures that every child, regardless of socio-economic background,
gender, ability, or location, can access safe and well-equipped learning environments. This
paper explores the importance of developing accessible infrastructure in both government and
private schools, emphasizing equality and skill development in alignment with Edu Vision
2035 and the National Education Policy (NEP 2020). It highlights the role of technology,
assistive tools, and inclusive teaching practices in creating classrooms that cater to diverse
learning needs, including children with special needs. Strategies such as public-private
partnerships, teacher training, community involvement, sustainable funding, and regular
audits are examined to ensure effective implementation. The paper also addresses challenges
like funding constraints, digital divides, maintenance issues, cultural mindsets, and teacher
preparedness. Furthermore, it underscores the emotional and motivational aspect of learning,
showing how children can be inspired, confident, and engaged in environments designed for
their holistic growth. By prioritizing accessible infrastructure, India can move toward a future
where education empowers every learner, promotes equality, and contributes to national
development. This paper provides actionable strategies, references, and recommendations to
guide policymakers, educators,

Paper Title:
IMPORTANCE OF SOFT SKILLS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION TODAY
Author Name:
Visweswaraiah S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17937365
Page No.:
75-79
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IMPORTANCE OF SOFT SKILLS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION TODAY
Author: Visweswaraiah S

ABSTRACT
In today's fast-paced world, education stands as a cornerstone for individual growth, ranking
closely alongside fundamental needs like food, shelter, and clothing. Its impact on societal
progress and economic stability is profound. As India's youth population continues to rise,
driven by demographic shifts, the demand for skilled professionals is skyrocketing.
Recognizing this imperative, the Indian government has launched initiatives like the "skills
ministry" and the National Education Policy 2020, both emphasizing skill development as a
national priority. Two critical skill sets are essential for success: hard skills, which are
technical and industry-specific, and soft skills, encompassing behavioral traits and language
proficiency. Soft skills, in particular, play a vital role in effective communication,
collaborative teamwork, innovative problem-solving, and adaptability in the modern
workplace.
This study focuses on bridging the skill gap by exploring how soft skills development can
significantly enhance the employability of Indian college and university students, ultimately
contributing to the nation's economic growth and global competitiveness. By addressing this
pressing issue, we can ensure that India's youth are equipped with the skills required to thrive
in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.
Key Words: Soft Skills, Personality Development, NEP 2020, Employability, Economic
Growth.

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF MEN IN FACILITATING WOMEN'S PATHWAYS TO INDEPENDENCE IN THE WORKS OF PREETI SHENOY
Author Name:
Sonika Rani
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17937722
Page No.:
80-82
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THE ROLE OF MEN IN FACILITATING WOMEN'S PATHWAYS TO INDEPENDENCE IN THE WORKS OF PREETI SHENOY
Author: Sonika Rani

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the evolving representation of men as supportive allies in women’s
journeys toward independence in the novels of Preeti Shenoy. While Shenoy’s works
foreground female protagonists who struggle with emotional, professional, and social
constraints, the narratives also portray male characters who challenge patriarchal structures
by encouraging autonomy, respecting personal choices, and nurturing confidence. Drawing
on liberal feminist theory and contemporary gender-discourse, the study analyzes Life Is
What You Make It, The Secret Wish List, It Happens for a Reason, and A Hundred Little
Flames to understand how Shenoy redefines masculinity as empathetic, egalitarian, and
growth-oriented. Through close textual readings, the paper argues that Shenoy’s portrayal of
supportive men plays a crucial role in expanding women’s agency and contributes to a
broader literary shift towards collaborative gender relationships in modern Indian fiction.

Paper Title:
A CRITIQUE OF IRRATIONALITY AND DISENCHANTMENT IN DOSTOYEVSKY’S NOTES FROM UNDERGROUND
Author Name:
Jasajit Ashangbam
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18046353
Page No.:
83-88
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A CRITIQUE OF IRRATIONALITY AND DISENCHANTMENT IN DOSTOYEVSKY’S NOTES FROM UNDERGROUND
Author: Jasajit Ashangbam

ABSTRACT
The authorship of the relatively unknown novel What Is To Be Done? provoked the
existential novelist, Fyodor Dostoyevsky into writing another novel, Notes from
Underground, as a diatribe, due to the former’s high regard of “rationality”. To be rational, and to focus solely on self-interest becomes a paradox in itself, but this philosophical system, also known as “rational egoism”, had been brought into the limelight in Chernyshevsky’s novel. Dostoyevsky, being a proponent of “freedom” detested the idea of human beings subsisting solely on rationality. Being uncertain of rationality epitomises its antithesis, and for Dostoyevsky, an evaluation of “truth” using considerations from both sides of the coin becomes imperative. The hive mind that depends on rationality rather than the facets of freedom has also been pointed out as being questionable, by the German sociologist, Max Weber. The extreme obsession with stratification, and rationalisation of society disenchants the mind from perceiving natural spectacles as they are and not riddles to be solved. For both Dostoyevsky and Weber, the pervasion of rationality would slowly hollow out the presence of the sublime and reverent incredulities of the cosmos. An acquiescence of irrationality, or the
absurdity embedded within the workings of the grand design denotes a holistic understanding about the reality of existence.

Keywords: Rationality, Disenchantment, Underground, Truth,

Paper Title:
चित्रा मुद्गल की कहानियों में वर्ग-संघर्ष
Author Name:
मुकेश कुमार महतो
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19608005
Page No.:
89-98
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चित्रा मुद्गल की कहानियों में वर्ग-संघर्ष
Author: मुकेश कुमार महतो

वर्ग तथा वर्ग-संघर्ष की अवधारणा कार्ल मार्क्स की है, जिसमें उन्होंने दुनिया भर के लोगों को दो ही वर्गों में विभाजित किया है- शोषक और शोषित। इनके बीच सदैव संघर्ष होता रहता है। किसी भी राष्ट्र के उत्थान में इस तरह के संघर्ष की अत्यंत साकारात्मक भूमिका होती है। चित्रा जी को वर्ग-संघर्ष का जीवंत अनुभव है। मालिक हो या मालकिन, यही चाहते हैं कि नौकर उसकी मर्जी से चलें। यदि वे नहीं चलते उन्हें काम से हटाकर अपनी भड़ास निकाल लेते हैं। वर्तमान समय में शहर के घरों में काम करने वाली बाइयाँ भी काफी तेज हो गई हैं। वे जानती है कि बड़े लोगों को उनके बिना गुजारा नहीं, अतः वे अब फालतू बात अथवा ऊँच-नीच की बातें नहीं सहती। ‘स्टेपनी’ कहानी में मिसेज खन्ना नताशा से सोफे की जगह नीचे बैठकर सब्जी काटने के लिए कहती है, यह उसे अच्छा नहीं लगता। वह उन्हें जवाब दे देती है। परिणामस्वरूप वे उसे अपने यहाँ से काम से हटा देती हैं, इसके साथ ही और लोगों को भी उसके खिलाफ इस तरह भड़काती हैं, ताकि वह भी उसे काम से हटा है। जाड़े के समय में कोई भी स्त्री बिना माइयों के नौकरी नहीं कर सकती। इसीलिए इनकी मांग निरंतर बढ़ती जा रही है और इनके नाज-नखरे भी बढ़ते जा रहे हैं। तभी तो नताशा श्रीमती खन्ना के कहने पर कह देती है, “सोचना क्या है बीबीजी, पहली से आप कोई और इंतजाम कर लेना। मेहनत करते हैं, मेहनत में जात-पाँत कैसी?”2 जब आभा नताशा को लेकर विनोद से बात करती है तो वह उसे नौकरानियों के यथार्थ बताते हुए कहता है, “दिमाग से काम लो, अम्मा! बहकावे में मत आओ! अच्छी तरह से जानती हो तुम कि इधर मयूरविहार में बाईयों की कितनी किल्लत हो रही है।...लोग चाहते हैं कि इधर तुम उसे निकालो, उधर वे उसे अपने घर के लिए फाँस लें।”3 यद्यपि अंतर्द्वंद से घिरी आभा एक बार तो उसे निकालने की सोचती है, लेकिन चित्त के शांत हो जाने पर वह सारी स्थिति का आकलन कर इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचती है, “शायद कोई विकल्प नहीं है उसके हिस्से।”4 कर्मचारियों में बहुत एकता होती है, इसी कारण ये मालिक की परवाह कम हो करते हैं, क्योंकि “मजाल है जो उसके अलावा कोई अन्य जमादारिन जीना चढ़ जाए... इसी एका के चलते कोठीवालों की दाल नहीं गलती।”5

Paper Title:
अनुसंधानात्मक संस्मरण 'महाकुम्भ'
Author Name:
प्रवीण कुमार झा & प्रो. अशोक कुमार मेहता
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19386051
Page No.:
99-104
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अनुसंधानात्मक संस्मरण 'महाकुम्भ'
Author: प्रवीण कुमार झा & प्रो. अशोक कुमार मेहता

साहित्यमे युग आ परिस्थिति पर आधारित अनुभव आ अनुभूति केर अभिव्यक्ति सेहो निहित रहैछ, जे अभिव्यक्ति साहित्यकार केर हृदयक माध्यमसँ होइत अछि। ईहो निर्विवाद सत्य अछि जे कोनो साहित्यकार अपन युग–वृक्ष कें अपन अंतर्रात्माक आवाजसँ पटबैत छथि, जाहिसँ आबय वाला पीढ़ी ओहि साहित्य रूपी मधुर फल केर सहज आस्वादन कऽ सकथि।

ईहो कम महत्वपूर्ण नहि जे साहित्य आ समाजक सम्बन्ध अन्योन्याश्रित अछि। साहित्य समाजक प्रतिबिम्ब होइछ। कारण एकर सृजन जन–जीवन केर धरातल पर होइछ। समाजक सभ शोभा, ओकर श्रीसम्पन्नता आ मान–मर्यादा साहित्ये पर अवलम्बित रहैछ। सामाजिक शक्ति आकि सजीवता, सामाजिक अशान्ति आकि निर्जीवता, सामाजिक सभ्यता आकि असभ्यता सभक निर्णायक एकमात्र साहित्ये अछि।

मैथिली भाषा साहित्यक एकटा एहने साहित्यकार भेलाह पंचानन मिश्र।

Paper Title:
डॉ. राधावल्लभ त्रिपाठी के निबंध-साहित्य में संस्कृत परंपरा की पुनर्रचना
Author Name:
अभिषेक कुमार झा
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19704995
Page No.:
105-110
View PDF Certificate
डॉ. राधावल्लभ त्रिपाठी के निबंध-साहित्य में संस्कृत परंपरा की पुनर्रचना
Author: अभिषेक कुमार झा

सारांश
संस्कृत साहित्य के आधुनिक परिदृश्य में डॉ. राधावल्लभ त्रिपाठी का रचनाकर्म एक ऐसे सुदृढ़ वैचारिक सेतु का निर्माण करता है, जो प्राचीन ज्ञान-परंपरा और समकालीन विमर्शों को आपस में अत्यंत सहजता से जोड़ता है। विशेष रूप से उनके निबंध-साहित्य में 'परंपरा' मात्र अतीत का अंधानुकरण नहीं है, बल्कि वह एक निरंतर प्रवाहित होने वाली और समय के साथ स्वयं को परिष्कृत करने वाली जीवंत प्रक्रिया है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र डॉ. त्रिपाठी के निबंधों में संस्कृत परंपरा की पुनर्रचना (पुनर्निर्माण और नवीन व्याख्या) का समग्र, सूक्ष्म और विस्तृत मूल्यांकन प्रस्तुत करता है। इस अध्ययन में यह विश्लेषित किया गया है कि किस प्रकार उन्होंने अपने आलोचनात्मक एवं सर्जनात्मक निबंधों के माध्यम से नाट्यशास्त्र, काव्यशास्त्र, स्त्री-विमर्श और सामाजिक यथार्थवाद को नए अर्थ प्रदान किए हैं। उन्होंने संस्कृत निबंध-विधा को रूढ़िवादी स्तुतियों और पौराणिक आख्यानों की संकीर्ण सीमाओं से निकालकर उसे एक अत्यंत तार्किक, विश्लेषणात्मक और आधुनिक युगबोध से संपन्न विधा के रूप में स्थापित किया है। यह आलेख उनके वैचारिक धरातल, भाषा-शिल्प और सांस्कृतिक यथार्थ के प्रतिमानों की विस्तृत मीमांसा करता है।

मुख्य शब्द: डॉ. राधावल्लभ त्रिपाठी, संस्कृत निबंध-साहित्य, परंपरा की पुनर्रचना, संस्कृत परंपरा, आधुनिक युगबोध, नाट्यशास्त्र, काव्यशास्त्र, स्त्री-विमर्श, सामाजिक यथार्थवाद, वैचारिक प्रतिमान, भाषा-शिल्प, सांस्कृतिक यथार्थ

Paper Title:
मणिमञ्जरी नाटिका में रस-निर्मिति और भाव-व्यंजना का काव्यशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण
Author Name:
विकाश कुमार झा
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19705037
Page No.:
111-117
View PDF Certificate
मणिमञ्जरी नाटिका में रस-निर्मिति और भाव-व्यंजना का काव्यशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण
Author: विकाश कुमार झा

सारांश
संस्कृत नाट्य-शास्त्र की सुदीर्घ, गंभीर और अत्यंत समृद्ध परंपरा में 'रूपक' (नाटक) और 'उपरूपक' का अत्यंत सूक्ष्म, वैज्ञानिक तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक विभाजन किया गया है। उपरूपकों की विस्तृत श्रेणी में 'नाटिका' का अपना एक अत्यंत विशिष्ट, सुकोमल और ललित स्थान है। अठारहवीं शताब्दी के प्रख्यात रस-सिद्ध कवि एवं मूर्धन्य अलंकार-शास्त्री पंडित विश्वेश्वर पांडेय द्वारा विरचित 'मणिमञ्जरी' नाटिका मध्यकालीन संस्कृत साहित्य की एक अत्यंत रमणीय और काव्यात्मक कृति है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र इस 'मणिमञ्जरी' नाटिका में अंतर्निहित रस-निर्मिति और भाव-व्यंजना का एक समग्र, गहन एवं शास्त्रीय मूल्यांकन प्रस्तुत करता है। इस विस्तृत अध्ययन का मूल उद्देश्य यह विश्लेषित करना है कि किस प्रकार नाटककार ने महर्षि भरतमुनि के 'रस-सूत्र' को अपना आधार बनाकर अपनी कृति में आलंबन और उद्दीपन विभावों, सात्त्विक अनुभावों तथा विविध व्यभिचारी (संचारी) भावों का अत्यंत सजीव एवं मनोवैज्ञानिक चित्रण किया है। 'मणिमञ्जरी' नाटिका मूलतः शृंगार रस-प्रधान कृति है, जिसमें शृंगार के दोनों पक्षों—संयोग और विप्रलंभ—का अत्यंत मार्मिक, उदात्त और परिपक्व परिपाक हुआ है। प्रस्तुत आलेख में दशरूपक और साहित्यदर्पण जैसे प्रामाणिक शास्त्रीय ग्रंथों के निकष पर इस नाटिका की अवस्थिति, अंगी रस के रूप में शृंगार की सर्वव्यापकता, हास्य और अद्भुत जैसे अंग (गौण) रसों के नियोजन, तथा व्यंजना-वृत्ति के माध्यम से रस-ध्वनि की विलक्षण अभिव्यक्ति का अत्यंत विशद विश्लेषण किया गया है।

मुख्य शब्द: मणिमञ्जरी, विश्वेश्वर पांडेय, संस्कृत नाट्यशास्त्र, उपरूपक, नाटिका, रस-निर्मिति, भाव-व्यंजना, शृंगार रस, संयोग, विप्रलंभ, विभाव, अनुभाव, संचारी भाव, रस-ध्वनि, व्यंजना-वृत्ति

Paper Title:
PSYCHOLOGICAL SATIRE AND CHARACTER CONSTRUCTION IN THE NARRATIVE STYLE OF ANGUS WILSON
Author Name:
Biresh Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19731180
Page No.:
118-124
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PSYCHOLOGICAL SATIRE AND CHARACTER CONSTRUCTION IN THE NARRATIVE STYLE OF ANGUS WILSON
Author: Biresh Kumar

ABSTRACT
Angus Wilson’s fiction is commonly identified with social satire, yet the distinctive power of his narrative art lies in the fusion of satire with psychological realism. His novels do not
merely ridicule social institutions or moral postures but penetrate the inner lives of characters to reveal how self-deception, anxiety, guilt, and moral rationalisation function as social mechanisms. This study argues that Wilson develops a mode of psychological satire in which character consciousness itself becomes the primary site of satiric exposure. Through techniques such as free indirect discourse, variable focalisation, and ironic tonal control, Wilson constructs characters who are simultaneously intelligible, ethically compromised, and socially diagnostic. Focusing on major novels such as Hemlock and After, Anglo-Saxon Attitudes, The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot, and No Laughing Matter, the study demonstrates how Wilson’s narrative style sustains a “mixed mode” that resists both caricature and moral sentimentalism, offering instead a complex critique of post-war British liberalism, institutional authority, and modern selfhood.

Keywords: Angus Wilson; satire; characterization; free indirect discourse; focalization; postwar British fiction; moral psychology; narrative ethics

Paper Title:
SILENCE AND RESISTANCE IN TONI MORRISON’S BELOVED, SULA, AND THE BLUEST EYE: AN INTERSECTIONAL FEMINIST READING
Author Name:
Navin Kumar Bharti
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19731351
Page No.:
125-130
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SILENCE AND RESISTANCE IN TONI MORRISON’S BELOVED, SULA, AND THE BLUEST EYE: AN INTERSECTIONAL FEMINIST READING
Author: Navin Kumar Bharti

ABSTRACT
Toni Morrison’s literary oeuvre is distinguished by a deep engagement with the lived
experiences of African American women, and the ways in which silence and resistance
function as complex modes of cultural survival, defiance, and identity formation. This
research study applies intersectional feminist analysis to Morrison’s Beloved (1987), Sula
(1973), and The Bluest Eye (1970) in order to examine how structural oppressions, racism,
patriarchy, colorism, class marginality, and trauma, shape and constrain Black female
subjectivity, and how silence paradoxically becomes both an imposed condition and a
strategic weapon of resistance. Drawing upon Black feminist theory, trauma theory, and
intersectionality, this study argues that Morrison constructs silence not merely as a void but as a discursive space through which oppressed women articulate agency, memory, and dissent. Sethe’s refusal to speak the unspeakable, Pecola’s retreat into madness, and Sula’s defiance of normative roles illuminate the manifold ways in which Morrison destabilizes hegemonic definitions of womanhood and resistance. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that Morrison conceptualizes silence as an instrument of counter-hegemony, challenging dominant histories and giving voice to the marginalized within African American cultural memory.

Keywords: Toni Morrison; silence; resistance; intersectionality; feminism; trauma; race;
patriarchy; Beloved; Sula; The Bluest Eye

Paper Title:
REDEFINING THE BILDUNGSROMAN IN CONTEMPORARY YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE WITH REFERENCE TO GREEN, CHBOSKY, AND SALINGER
Author Name:
Naresh Prasad Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19731448
Page No.:
131-136
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REDEFINING THE BILDUNGSROMAN IN CONTEMPORARY YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE WITH REFERENCE TO GREEN, CHBOSKY, AND SALINGER
Author: Naresh Prasad Singh

ABSTRACT
This study argues that contemporary young adult literature redefines the Bildungsroman by displacing its classic promise of social integration and replacing it with models of formation shaped by institutional power, trauma, media discourse, and ethical uncertainty. Using J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye as a foundational “anti-formation” template, Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower as a therapeutic-epistolary revision, and John Green’s Looking for Alaska and The Fault in Our Stars as twenty-first-century reconfigurations of adolescent formation, the study shows how YA texts transform the genre’s endpoint from stable adulthood to provisional self-understanding. The argument integrates Bildungsroman theory, genre-history scholarship, and YA studies to demonstrate that contemporary YA formation is best understood as an ongoing negotiation between selfnarration and the cultural scripts that attempt to narrate the adolescent in advance.

Keywords: The Catcher in the Rye, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, The Fault in Our
Stars, Looking for Alaska, YA literature

Paper Title:
UNDERSTANDING CHALLENGES OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN SCHOOLS -A QUALITATIVE APPROACH
Author Name:
Puneet Narang
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20458307
Page No.:
137-146
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UNDERSTANDING CHALLENGES OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN SCHOOLS -A QUALITATIVE APPROACH
Author: Puneet Narang

ABSTRACT
English has been allocated an important place in our education policy making especially after the onset of era of globalisation and consequently it has come to play a very significant role in educative process at school level. Numerous endeavours are going on to discover the dynamics of teaching and learning of English language in schools of Punjab. The present study aimed at understanding the various challenges being faced by English teachers in their classroom while striving for making their students proficient in English. For this purpose, qualitative research design has been adopted. An interview schedule was prepared. The sample of the study comprised of 132 English teachers serving in government and private schools of Punjab. The responses of the teachers were content analyzed. The various problems and challenges they are facing while teaching English have been reported and discussed in this research paper.

Key Words: Globalization; Education Policy; Teaching of English: Qualitative Research; Content Analysis

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